Medical School:
Medical School at the University of Florence, Italy, 1979 - 1985
Residency:
General Surgery Resident, University of Florence, November 1985 - July 1989
Research:
University of Florence General Surgery, Residentship with a thesis on "Splenic artery aneurysms", July 1990
Residency:
Categorical General Surgery resident at the University of Illinois at Chicago, July 1989 - June 1993
Fellowship:
Clinical Transplant Fellow, University of Minnesota at Minneapolis, May 1993 - September 1994